Silicon Valley's Hottest Young Founder Right Now | Cluely, Roy Lee
This interview features Roy's startup journey from being expelled from Columbia University to developing an AI tool for technical interviews and securing a $5M investment.
Watch on YouTube →Transcript
Intro
- 00:00Hello, my name is Roy.
- 00:01I founded this company called Cluely, and I just got kicked out of Columbia for
- 00:05building this tool called Interview Coder.
- 00:07It's like a cheating tool for software engineering.
- 00:09Technical interviews.
- 00:10I used the technology to build a much bigger company.
- 00:12Cluely, the desktop app that lets you cheat on everything right now.
- 00:16We just launched about a month ago.
- 00:18We're closing in on $5 million in annual recurring revenue, and we also
- 00:22just closed a $5.3 million seed round led by Abstract Ventures and Susa Ventures.
Why I Built a Cheating Tool
- 00:32I was a pretty wild kid.
- 00:34I got in a lot of trouble, but I was pretty smart.
- 00:36I think I was pretty good at math.
- 00:37I did a bit of math competition when I was younger.
- 00:40I was on the debate team. I played some cello.
- 00:42I loved girls, you know, every year I had a new girlfriend.
- 00:45Yeah, my mom made me do a lot of studying, but I hated studying.
- 00:48I was always trying to go out and like, have fun,
- 00:51play with my friends.
- 00:52I've always been very competitive.
- 00:53When I was a kid, I had an older brother who was two years older than me,
- 00:56and I always wanted to be smarter than him.
- 00:58I always wanted to do better and get better grades at school than him.
- 01:01I'm always trying to win. I'm trying to beat ‘Juhn-Gyo Eel-Deung’ at everything.
- 01:04Top of the class
- 01:05You know, in the world of software engineering, if you want
- 01:07to get a job at a big tech company,
- 01:09you have to answer these sort of riddle-esque questions
- 01:11that are called LeetCode questions.
- 01:13And pretty much every developer you know at a big company has gone through
- 01:16the gauntlet of memorizing 300-600 riddles and just sort of memorizing the solutions
- 01:21and regurgitating them in interviews.
- 01:23I'm very, very competitive.
- 01:25So the second I knew that there was a global ranking on LeetCode,
- 01:28I knew I had to be one of the best.
- 01:31So I spent hundreds of hours studying, grinding the riddles,
- 01:34even though I don't care about LeetCode, I didn't enjoy it.
- 01:36I didn't really have a good time, but I was just competitive.
- 01:38So I thought, if there's a ranking, then I've got
- 01:40to be on the top of the ranking.
- 01:42But I mean, it just ended up with me wasting a bunch of hours.
- 01:44LeetCode just has nothing to do with what you do on the job.
- 01:47It's like the modern day equivalent of asking how many balloons
- 01:50fit in the Empire State Building.
- 01:52It's supposed to test your critical thinking, but the questions are online
- 01:55to the extent that rather than practicing critical thinking,
- 01:58you just practice memorizing the riddles.
- 02:00You're going to sit through and memorize all the 1000 questions, because it
- 02:02means you get a $200K a year job.
- 02:04This is not good for anybody.
- 02:06You don't learn anything from practicing these riddles,
- 02:08and you just end up wasting time when you should be programming.
- 02:11I thought this was pretty stupid and this has been going on
- 02:13for around 20 years right now.
- 02:14The technology was there to develop this tool that would invisibly let
- 02:18you use AI to cheat on these interviews.
- 02:20So I built the tool.
- 02:21I publicly recorded myself using it on the Amazon interview.
- 02:24I got the job and I posted this everywhere saying, look how easy it is
- 02:27to hack these interviews.
- 02:29Eventually this got me in some trouble.
- 02:31But, the impetus of everything was when I decided that it's just a stupid industry
- 02:36practice and I wanted to change it.
X Features and Strategies for Going Viral
- 02:39A lot of people think it was explosive from the start, but it took about a month
- 02:43before it really started to take off, and for a month I posted everything.
- 02:46Amazon was getting mad at me,
- 02:48and Columbia saw it and was getting mad at me,
- 02:50and everyone was just upset and it didn't really go that viral for about a month.
- 02:53And during that time I was really stressed.
- 02:55I just gave up my entire career and my entire education
- 02:58for the hope of a company.
- 02:59But it didn't even go viral like I did all this for like 15,000 views.
- 03:02And I was really worried.
- 03:03Everybody in my life, including even my co-founders, were telling me like,
- 03:06hey, we should probably stop.
- 03:07We should probably shut this down. But I don't know.
- 03:09There's just a voice in my head that said,
- 03:10this has potential.
- 03:12Like I have to keep going. And I did keep going.
- 03:14And then at one point it did go viral, like super viral.
- 03:17And everybody in tech saw it. At that point, I was safe.
- 03:21Virality protected me from further punishment
- 03:24from Columbia.
- 03:24It made the path to entrepreneurship a lot easier and clearer.
- 03:27I've sort of committed my life to building companies.
- 03:30Once I made that decision, it was very easy for me
- 03:32to decide to leave Columbia.
- 03:34And once I did leave Columbia, I knew I'm going to do the only thing that I
- 03:37can do now, which is build companies.
- 03:39I think it also helps position me. I'm a very unique person now
- 03:43who got kicked out of an Ivy League.
- 03:44And as a result, there's a lot of interest from Silicon Valley
- 03:48about what I'm going to do next.
- 03:49At the time, it felt like things were moving really slow.
- 03:52As soon as Interview Coder went viral, I knew that I had to capitalize
- 03:55on the moment because the attention wasn't going to be there for long.
- 03:58The product was a product designed to die, the product to cheat
- 04:01on technical interviews.
- 04:02So the second companies change technical interviews, the product dies.
- 04:05Meaning I have a few short moments before my spot in the limelight dies
- 04:10and I thought, I have to raise a round.
- 04:12I have to start a bigger company that's more sustainable and defensible long term.
- 04:16So for me, it felt like things were moving so slow. I had to push back my fundraise
- 04:20like two weeks.
- 04:21I was going to fundraise two weeks earlier than I did. To me at the time,
- 04:24I felt like I was in such a time crunch and I had to wrap things up and do the next thing,
- 04:30and it felt like things were moving super slow
- 04:31But I guess I was under the pressure of the situation.
- 04:36I mean, we planned for me to use Interview Coder to
- 04:39cheat on a bunch of big tech interviews and get the jobs, and we thought
- 04:42that was going to be a viral moment.
- 04:43So in that sense, we planned it.
- 04:45But for the last three months I've made probably like maybe a thousand
- 04:48tweets, and since then, I've figured out how to make tweets that will go viral.
- 04:51How to make tweets that will be more controversial and get more engagement.
- 04:55I think for X especially,
- 04:57I've only really cracked X, because I think people on Twitter
- 05:00are a very unique type of people.
- 05:02They love controversy, they love drama, they love attention,
- 05:05and they love to either dog on people or watch people get dogged on.
- 05:09I think every single time you tweet something, if you don't think
- 05:12half the people in the world would feel very negative about this,
- 05:15then it's probably not going to be viral
- 05:17as a tweet.
- 05:17All of your tweets that you're planning on making go viral,
- 05:21they need to have a very strong, controversial twist that makes people
- 05:24pause and be like, what the fuck?
- 05:25And this is not the case for Instagram, TikTok or LinkedIn or whatever,
- 05:29but it is the case for Twitter.
- 05:30And yeah, I think Twitter is - the more controversial
- 05:32you're willing to make your tweet, the better and the more viral you will go.
- 05:35Interview Coder on Twitter was received so positively.
- 05:39It was just like this scrappy young kid who was trying to fight back
- 05:42against big industry, big tech, and everyone on Twitter was very supportive.
- 05:47I think as I got bigger and my account grew, people grew less supportive,
- 05:51which is like to be expected.
- 05:52I'm generally very good at receiving hate and criticism.
- 05:55I'm a very polarizing personality, and I do a lot of crazy stuff
- 05:59throughout my life.
- 05:59I've always had people giving me hate.
- 06:01None of the negative comments really stood out, but I was very surprised to see
- 06:04how positively Interview Coder was received on Twitter when I first launched it.
- 06:07I think people are often so worried that they're going to say something bad online,
- 06:11and it's just going to get back to them and their reputation is over.
- 06:14And I don't know, like it's going to bury them.
- 06:16But I think in reality ‘all press is good press’
- 06:19I say a ton of super controversial stuff.
- 06:22And in every video I'm in, there's like a bunch of comments saying,
- 06:25oh, this guy's evil.
- 06:26This guy's like, this and that, and there's always some hate.
- 06:28But it's like, this stuff really doesn't matter.
- 06:30Yeah.
- 06:30I mean, I've learned that it really doesn't matter if everybody
- 06:33in the world just doesn't like you.
- 06:35Well, actually, it's done pretty much the opposite.
- 06:37I've realized that even if I say extremely crazy shit online,
- 06:40it will just make people more interested in me and the company,
- 06:43and it'll just drive more downloads and conversions
- 06:45and get more eyeballs onto Cluely.
- 06:47If anything, I've learned that I need to become crazier online
- 06:50so that people will keep funneling attention towards the core product.
- 06:54I think it's very, very rare that you will say something online
- 06:58that translates to something negative
- 07:00happening in the real world, like online is not real life.
- 07:03I'm a pretty chill person in real life, but online I'm crazy because it gets
- 07:07me engagement and attention.
- 07:09When you are so polarizing and controversial online, you need to very
- 07:14clearly distinguish this is my real world life and this is the online life.
- 07:18And in my real world life, there are very few people who I trust fully
- 07:23and who I think I love and love me.
- 07:25My parents will always be on my side, no matter what crazy shit I do online
- 07:29and my future wife and kids
- 07:30They will always be on my side no matter what crazy shit I do online.
- 07:32And I think it is very, very important to distinguish.
- 07:35This is my real life family and friends and they love me unconditionally
- 07:39and I love them and everything online is just noise.
- 07:41Even if everyone online or everyone outside this box hates me,
- 07:45it doesn't matter because the most important people are in this box, and the
- 07:48people that I love and love me back.
- 07:51Interview Coder is a tool designed to let you cheat on technical interviews,
What 'Cheat on Everything' Really Means and the Purpose Behind Cluely
- 07:56but what we realized as we built Interview Coder is that the idea of an AI
- 08:00that sees your screen and hears your audio sort of shows itself
- 08:04as this translucent screen overlay.
- 08:05This has never really been attempted before.
- 08:07This is a completely novel user experience, and it's very shortsighted to
- 08:10think that this is only good for cheating.
- 08:12Ultimately, what we're building is we're building for a future where models are
- 08:16multimodal and the models are not there yet, and they're probably not going
- 08:19to be there yet for another three years.
- 08:20Nobody's really thought of what happens when chatbots are no longer relevant.
- 08:24What happens when you don't want to prompt GPT anymore?
- 08:27And it just knows what you want? Then how will you interact with AI?
- 08:31Nobody's really attempted this before, and I think Interview Coder was the first
- 08:35proof of concept of a user experience that could work in this world.
- 08:38So we realized that.
- 08:39And that's what we're building Cluely.
- 08:42I mean, Cluley is the new way you will use AI in five years.
- 08:46Hopefully if we do things right then in two years.
- 08:48The phrase "cheat on everything" is intentionally ambiguous.
- 08:51Like what is cheat on everything?
- 08:52Like, I know what cheat on test means, but I don't know what cheat
- 08:54on everything means.
- 08:55It's left to be sort of confusing and make you sit on it and reflect for a moment.
- 08:59When you see someone using AI for everything,
- 09:01it makes you think this is unfair.
- 09:02They're not supposed to be doing that. They're cheating. In reality,
- 09:05if you can use this for everything, like what is
- 09:08cheating on a meeting look like?
- 09:09It's not really a thing.
- 09:10It's just our gut human reaction to think, this is so different.
- 09:12This is such a big advantage that it's unfair.
- 09:15And what we hope to do is we hope to give everyone this advantage.
- 09:18When every single person is using AI to cheat on meetings,
- 09:21then it's not that you're cheating anymore.
- 09:23this is just how humans will operate and think in the future.
Calculators and Spell Checkers: They Were Also Called 'Cheating' Once
- 09:26I think when you can use AI, you should use AI. If it helps you,
- 09:30then you should use it.
- 09:32If using a calculator will help you, then you should use it.
- 09:34If using spellcheck will help you, then you will use it.
- 09:36Eventually, the spell check will teach you how to spell the right words, because
- 09:39you'll get used to it so much or you just won't need to know how to spell anymore.
- 09:43You'll just need to know what the word is.
- 09:45If you can use AI to help, then you should.
- 09:47And if you can already do the job, then you'll never need
- 09:49to do the job in the future.
- 09:50Assuming AI is everywhere, which it will be.
Technical Interviews Must Evolve in the Age of AI
- 09:54All technical interviews need to change, not just in software engineering,
- 09:57but everywhere in the world.
- 09:58If you get asked the question and AI can answer the question, then you should
- 10:02probably get that out of your interview.
- 10:04I think interviews will be a lot more holistic,
- 10:06and I really question whether we even need job interviews at all in the future.
- 10:10If there is an AI that knows everything about you, everything you're good at,
- 10:13why do you need a one hour interview to assess anything other than culture fit?
- 10:17I already know all the work you've done, or at least the AI already knows
- 10:19the work you've done.
- 10:20It knows how good it is.
- 10:21It knows what skills you're good at, and if there is a skill match,
- 10:24then I should just be able to match you directly to the job.
- 10:26Assuming that we get along after like a 30 minute conversation.
- 10:30I really don't know that there is a need for interviews in today's age, but
- 10:33right now what we use is really just a conversation.
- 10:36We check if you're a culture fit, we talk about past work you've done,
- 10:39and that's pretty much it.
- 10:40The whole point of Cluley is to get everybody used to the fact, or used to a
- 10:44life where they use AI for everything.
- 10:46Once everybody uses AI in every instance possible, there's going
- 10:49to be a lot of jobs that get replaced,
- 10:50and there's going to be a lot of people who are able to do
- 10:53so much more than they previously were.
- 10:55If every scientist decided one day, like today, I'm going to start using AI
- 10:58as much as possible,
- 10:59they will be 100 times more productive. When scientists are
- 11:02a hundred times more productive,
- 11:03we cure cancer ten years earlier. We cure Alzheimer's ten years earlier.
- 11:06Everyone lives to 400 years old and we're on the next flight
- 11:09to fucking Mars in like two years.
- 11:10The rate of societal progression will just expand and exponentiate significantly
- 11:16once everyone gets along to the fact that we're all using AI now.
- 11:20And that's what Cluley hopes to achieve, is to get everybody used to
- 11:23"we're all using AI now."
How Taking Bold Risks Shapes the Future of Al
- 11:28I think for the user experience, I spent a lot of time making
- 11:32the user experience very seamless.
- 11:33It's less of a technical challenge, I think, and more of a taste challenge.
- 11:37The concept of a translucent screen overlay is something that really
- 11:41has never been attempted before.
- 11:43And it's something that I tried, and I think I only got to it after like
- 11:47dozens of iterations of different tools
- 11:49that would be a more seamless use of AI in your life.
- 11:52Yeah, I think that was probably the biggest technical challenge,
- 11:55just figuring out what exactly is the best user experience
- 11:58for someone using this tool.
- 11:59I mean, latency, response speed and accuracy
- 12:03are the two biggest things.
- 12:04This is what every model, like OpenAI, is working
- 12:07to improve: latency and accuracy.
- 12:09There's ways that we can get to a much faster response, for example,
- 12:13if we host models on our own servers.
- 12:15This eliminates a lot of latency that comes from the load balancing
- 12:19and request handling that is just inherent in OpenAI's servers.
- 12:23That's probably what we will end up doing.
- 12:25There's ways that we can cache the input and sort of parameterize the inputs
- 12:29so that you get the same condensed info.
- 12:33Same information, but just condensed in a smaller way and the smaller the input
- 12:37size, the faster the time to first token.
- 12:39Also, generally, accuracy can be improved by specific system prompts.
- 12:43We're developing custom evals in-house based on a lot of the analytics
- 12:47and usage that we're seeing.
- 12:48And like everything is getting better.
- 12:50Like every single day, the Cluely gets more accurate and faster.
- 12:53At a certain point, we're going to know exactly what type of responses you prefer
- 12:58as an individual, what sort of conversations that you're in, and we
- 13:02can use all that data to generate a very,
- 13:05very hyper specific, personalized, fine-tuned model for you that knows that,
- 13:09hey, I'm a media reporter, I conduct these sorts of interviews, and I
- 13:12generally want these types of responses.
- 13:14The tonality of my emails is this.
- 13:15So I would like you to respond in this way.
- 13:17And we can just get the most personalized model in the world.
- 13:20And once we have that data as like a moat, defending us from
- 13:24the other big tech companies, then we'll pretty much be unstoppable.
- 13:26More so than the data, I think the user experience
- 13:29is just interesting, untapped and novel.
- 13:31If we're correct about this, then we'll be the first to market.
- 13:34And there's a huge first mover advantage when you're trying
- 13:37a new form of UX. And if we can capture the market quickly enough
- 13:41by going viral enough sufficiently,
- 13:43then I think it will be very hard to compete with us.
Not Building with AI Today? You're Making a Mistake
- 13:49The entire way we're going to think will be changed.
- 13:52Every single one of my thoughts is formulated by the information
- 13:55I have at this moment.
- 13:57But what happens when that information I have isn't just what's in my brain,
- 14:00but it's everything that humanity has ever collected and put online, ever.
- 14:04What happens when AI literally helps me think in real time,
- 14:07the entire way that humans will interact with each other, with the world,
- 14:10all of our thoughts will be changed.
- 14:11Like what happens when I know about every single post you've made online ever.
- 14:15And I use that to distill down into a condensed blurb
- 14:19of everything about you ever.
- 14:21What does our interaction look like then?
- 14:23It's really hard to say, but I think this is a turning point for humanity,
- 14:27and it will fundamentally change the way that we think
- 14:30and the way that we behave as humans.
- 14:31Well, if you're not building a company in AI right now, then you're
- 14:33probably not doing the right thing.
- 14:35AI just enables you to build such cool stuff, and it's such a new technology
- 14:40that even if you're 19 and you've been playing with it for two months,
- 14:43you are one of the brightest minds.
- 14:46You are one of the pioneers of the field.
- 14:47It's not like biology where if you haven't studied for ten, 20 years, then you don't,
- 14:51then you're not an expert in biology.
- 14:52You can study AI for two months and you'll be an expert in AI. This
- 14:55technology is so gigantic, and it's so new that you can be really, really young.
- 15:00And you can know it more deeply than anyone else, and you'll have
- 15:03the opportunity to build like a billion, $10 billion company out of it.
- 15:07I would say take bigger risks.
- 15:08This is the only advice I have for anyone, really.
- 15:11You are smart enough.
- 15:12You're capable enough, you're hard working enough.
- 15:13Just take bigger risks.
- 15:15If you take bigger risks and force yourself into positions
- 15:17where you have to make it,
- 15:18you'll find that you're a lot more hard working than you thought you were,
- 15:21and you'll also find that life gets a lot more interesting.
- 15:24And very often the downside risk is much smaller than you think, and the upside
- 15:27of risk is much bigger than you think.
- 15:29I wasn't really like this five months ago.
- 15:31I mean, literally like, half a year ago, I was thinking, I just want
- 15:35to get a job at a big tech company.
- 15:36That's all I want to do.
- 15:37And it wasn't until very recently that I thought, oh, I actually want
- 15:40to build companies and go all in on this, taking risks initially.
- 15:44It means being willing to get rid of the constructs and limiting
- 15:48beliefs in your mind that make you think, hey, when I graduate, I have to be an
- 15:51engineer or lawyer or doctor or whatever.
- 15:52Just being willing to see what would happen if you didn't do it.
- 15:55Every risk starts very small.
- 15:57Right now, I think people look at me and think I'm a crazy risk taker.
- 16:00But it didn't start like this. It started with me taking smaller risks.
- 16:02Like the first risk I took was, hey, what if I built this tool
- 16:05and told nobody about it?
- 16:06Then the next risk I took was what if I post it online but made it free and didn't
- 16:09really associate with it so that people,
- 16:11more people would see it and eventually the risk just snowballed and snowballed.
- 16:13Until now, I'm like fully posting whatever confidential document Columbia
- 16:17gives me because like, I don't care.
- 16:19Like the risk is not that much of a risk anymore,
- 16:21and I've grown used to it. So grow used to taking bigger risks.
Act Now or Fall Behind
- 16:27I feel like my life is very easy.
- 16:30My life has been very easy. I mean, my mom.
- 16:33I've got loving parents, my mom, she made me study even when I didn't want to.
- 16:37She would just say, Roy, you should go study.
- 16:39So I studied and as a result, I did well in school and I hung out with smart kids
- 16:42and they helped me do better in life.
- 16:44Like, I have two amazing, great parents and I come from a great family.
- 16:47I don't really feel like my life has been all that challenging.
- 16:51Getting kicked out of Columbia?
- 16:52It's not that challenging when you're out there building companies,
- 16:54and I was going to drop out anyways. Getting rescinded from Harvard?
- 16:57This is also not that challenging when you have a loving family at home.
- 17:00There's kids out there who are starving in Uganda
- 17:03and like my life is not that hard.
- 17:04Really.
- 17:05A lot of everything that you should think is you should just try
- 17:08and think more positively about life and be more optimistic about things.
- 17:11It's very rare that you're going to be in America,
- 17:13you're going to have the opportunity to go to college, and you're really
- 17:16in an actually challenging situation.
- 17:19In reality, we're in the most interesting time in history.
- 17:21If you live in America and you're not in poverty
- 17:23and your parents aren't crackheads,
- 17:25you have the opportunity to make billions of dollars and make generational wealth
- 17:30and do the most interesting thing ever.
- 17:31There's very few challenging situations that are so challenging
- 17:34that you're just, like, limited right now.
- 17:36Anybody can do anything, and you should just try and take risks and be bold
- 17:40because, you're very privileged right now to be living in this world.
- 17:45Success is having a wife, having 12 kids and having people remember me.
- 17:51I think Steve Jobs and Elon Musk are very cool in that everyone has a strong opinion
- 17:57about them, whether it's good or bad.
- 17:58Everyone has something to say about Elon Musk, and I think that's really cool.
- 18:02We're all gonna die eventually and nobody's gonna remember us
- 18:05in a thousand years.
- 18:06I might as well be remembered as strongly as possible for
- 18:09the time that I'm here.
- 18:10I think the biggest thing is confidence.
- 18:12Like, truly, you hear all the time that, the people that build big companies
- 18:16are not geniuses.
- 18:17They're not smarter than you.
- 18:18They're just they take more risks than you, and they're hard work,
- 18:22harder workers than you.
- 18:23And I think this is generally true.
- 18:25Five months ago, I was just some random student at some random school and I
- 18:28didn't really have anything going for me.
- 18:29And now I just raised $5 million, and I'm in this giant office,
- 18:33and I'm building a company that I hope will change the world one day.
- 18:35And very little has changed about me except the fact that I took a risk.
- 18:39Even moving forward,
- 18:40if I do end up becoming the next trillionaire,
- 18:42like as big as Mark Zuckerberg, there will be nothing about me that changed.
- 18:46It'll just be a series of well calculated risks that I took that will lead me there.
- 18:50And I think the gap between Mark Zuckerberg and your average human,
- 18:53it's really not that big.
- 18:54And if you just have the confidence to take bigger risks,
- 18:57then very often you will win.