How We Shape the Future of Hardware | Mytra's Co-Founders Interview
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- 00:00actually the advice I would give to
- 00:01people trying to create their own
- 00:03company really work in the field a
- 00:06little bit like work in the field you
- 00:08think you have an idea for some new
- 00:11service or product work in that field
- 00:13and get insight that's something I got
- 00:16out of my Stanford experience you maybe
- 00:19you have an idea of what's really
- 00:21valuable and useful as a product but the
- 00:23best approach to creating value is first
- 00:26that you get insight into what the
- 00:28problem is my name's Chris qualty I'm
- 00:31the CEO and co-founder of Mitra we're a
- 00:332-year-old company based out of South
- 00:35San Francisco a little bit about my
- 00:37background before starting Mitra I was
- 00:40at Tesla for 7 and A2 years before Tesla
- 00:44I had various positions in renewable
- 00:45energy and Consulting I was electrical
- 00:48engineer undergrad but at Tesla I joined
- 00:50to lead product and hardware for the
- 00:52supercharger team and I launched various
- 00:55products like paid supercharging and my
- 00:58name is Ahmed Bal I am the CTO and
- 01:01co-founder and Mitra Mitra is building
- 01:05robots for warehouse material flow of
- 01:07trying to solve a fundamental problem
- 01:09with theerror flow in in warehousing
- 01:11Logistics and Manufacturing as
- 01:16well so I joined Tesla in 2014 I think
- 01:19this is after the dual motor b s was
- 01:21launched or was announced you know
- 01:23there's a lot of skepticism are electric
- 01:26vehicles going to be successful is fully
- 01:30battery electric vehicle or plug in
- 01:32hybrid you know Tesla versus Fisker a
- 01:34lot of uncertainty in the market then
- 01:36but you know I joined Tesla to to solve
- 01:38a very clear problem I was working on
- 01:41more traditional wield Automation and of
- 01:43course a lot of the fixed infrastructure
- 01:45projects that we had a tuss it
- 01:46beforehand and then you know this
- 01:48challenge of let's build a humanoid
- 01:50robot was was given to our team because
- 01:52we had an integrated robotics team but
- 01:54the challenges of a humanoid are are
- 01:56very different than building a wheeled
- 01:58robot on the floor legged Locomotion
- 02:01grasping and manipulation the kinds of
- 02:03of of decisions that this robot has to
- 02:06process a perception systems are are
- 02:08wildly different and so first Tesla had
- 02:11precisely zero expertise of humanoid
- 02:13robotics at the time so I had to go and
- 02:15figure out who the experts were meet
- 02:17with them try to establish a recruiting
- 02:19pipeline try to find the internal
- 02:21experts within Tesla who were willing
- 02:23and able and also had the foundational
- 02:25skill sets to be able to solve this
- 02:27problem I had to get myself a two month
- 02:29crash course in human orotic so that was
- 02:31really an interesting time but you know
- 02:34I think one of the things that Tesla
- 02:35teaches you to be very resourceful that
- 02:37wasn't the first time I've been asked to
- 02:39solve the problem which I had no really
- 02:42like deep or meaningful background in
- 02:44but you structure the problem you go
- 02:45find the information you need hop on a
- 02:48plane to meet with the experts as you
- 02:49need you do what it takes to to figure
- 02:51it out you know neon laid a mandate out
- 02:53that we needed to get a some robot
- 02:54walking in three months it's so between
- 02:57internal experts talking with some some
- 02:59folks out outside the company with to to
- 03:01get accomplish that goal I think as a
- 03:03whole though all robots are not created
- 03:05equal all robot challenges are not equal
- 03:08anytime you're talking about Led
- 03:10Locomotion or just Advanced grasping the
- 03:13perception that the type of data and the
- 03:15consistency of data the frequency of the
- 03:17refresh rates like I'm not just looking
- 03:20at a hand like I need to understand like
- 03:22the forces and yeah there's there's
- 03:24literally infinite ways I could grab
- 03:26something the difficulty of of repeating
- 03:28that and making that some sort of
- 03:29industrial process is many orders of
- 03:32magnitude more difficult than just
- 03:35driving a bot around the floor of a
- 03:37factory and you know if we think about
- 03:39how difficult it has been to do full
- 03:41self-driving cars or autonomous vehicles
- 03:43you know you could argue that that
- 03:45problem is not a solved problem yet
- 03:46because we don't have ubiquitous cars no
- 03:49driving highways and and surface streets
- 03:51yet right you do have companies that are
- 03:54driving like you can walk outside of
- 03:56this building you will see a car
- 03:57unmanned car drive by this this facility
- 04:00probably in 30 minutes but it's not
- 04:02ubiquitous right hasn't been adopted
- 04:04building a humanoid to operate at full
- 04:06scale in Factory or a home at the
- 04:09comparable productivity of a human is a
- 04:12very very challenging problem to solve
- 04:14I'm confident it will be solved I think
- 04:16the timing is everything right is this a
- 04:18one-year problem is this a 5year is this
- 04:20a 10e is this a 30-year problem unclear
- 04:23so after spending a year there it was
- 04:25it's a fascinating problem where again
- 04:27was able to work with some of the best
- 04:29and brightest at Tesla and and Beyond
- 04:31Tesla was fortunate to be able to to
- 04:33hire some wonderful people to work on
- 04:35these huge challenges but ultimately I
- 04:37join Tesla to ship you know millions of
- 04:39products to the public to make real
- 04:41impacts and I felt that most of the
- 04:44impact by the humanoid is dependent on
- 04:47solving effectively some research
- 04:49problems with what we're doing at Mitra
- 04:51this is not in the research domain this
- 04:53is a very like we're solving tangible
- 04:55problems with technology that doesn't
- 04:57require moonshot levels of of innovation
- 05:00to have meaningful impact on the economy
- 05:04after Tesla I I tried to just focus a
- 05:07little bit away from manufacturer let me
- 05:09think a little bit you know do something
- 05:11else derivatives trading and try to
- 05:13learn more about Ai and financial
- 05:15systems but the bug of manufacturing
- 05:18working on Hardware gotten me again and
- 05:21the things I did at Tesla were very
- 05:23applicable to rev and I thought I really
- 05:25wanted to help one more us auto
- 05:28manufacturer get off the brown I was
- 05:30really excited about rivan trying to
- 05:31help them out so I went and you know
- 05:33spent time at rivian helping them scale
- 05:36their manufacturing assistance as well
- 05:38that's the journey after that I was at a
- 05:41beach in Hawaii I still have the video
- 05:43while I'm recording the beach and I was
- 05:46going like wonderful this is great I'm
- 05:48done I don't want to do anything else
- 05:50I've solved every problem I want to
- 05:51solve as I'm recording the video I get a
- 05:54call from walty and he's asking me about
- 05:57hey do you remember the problems we went
- 05:59into Tesla during manufacturing let's
- 06:01really solve it at the beginning I was
- 06:03like I don't want to do this I don't
- 06:06want to do manufacturing again I want to
- 06:08be stay at the beach but the more we
- 06:10talked about how we would solve the spot
- 06:12go back to the fundamentals let's not
- 06:14just build another automation company
- 06:16let's do something completely different
- 06:18the more we talked about it the more I
- 06:19got excited because it's it wasn't just
- 06:22another implementation it's a complete
- 06:24rethink and that was very excited so I
- 06:28said okay yes let's start this company
- 06:30let's find the best people that we can
- 06:31find from our Network and pack a this
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- 07:38video so Mitra was founded because am on
- 07:42and I having seen a lot of these
- 07:44different types of challenges at Tesla
- 07:45and rivan wanted to find a problem that
- 07:48we could solve we uniquely positioned
- 07:51knowledgeable to tackle but also was
- 07:54just simply not being solved right you
- 07:57think of the lowest hanging fruit in
- 07:59your tree and again material flow is
- 08:02most of the work across industry just
- 08:04moving things around yet it's clearly
- 08:06unsolved I can go out and buy an
- 08:08industrial automation system to do
- 08:09almost anything I need the problem is is
- 08:12it cost effective is it simple is it
- 08:15extensible is it flexible and we said if
- 08:18we can design something that's just far
- 08:21simpler iPhone's a great example Tesla
- 08:23there's lots of great examples of
- 08:24History where to follow a new scurve
- 08:27scurve of adoption right a new tech
- 08:29technology it starts off slowly it then
- 08:31you know there's some acceleration then
- 08:33it kind of tapers off but to truly
- 08:35continue like linear adoption and
- 08:37Improvement of Technologies it's
- 08:39comprised of a whole bunch of small
- 08:40s-curves right we needed to create that
- 08:43new s-curve for industrial aeration
- 08:46there needed to be a new paradigm and to
- 08:48do that again when you look across
- 08:50history It's usually the simpler thing
- 08:53Waits how do we find the absolute
- 08:55simplest way to do this work and what we
- 08:58realized was that that no there is no
- 09:00system that was designed that was
- 09:02physically or kinematically
- 09:04unconstrained meaning I want to move
- 09:06things in 3D how do I move it up down
- 09:09left right from any cell to any cell in
- 09:12full 3d that was just an unsolved
- 09:14problem at any payload weate so we
- 09:16simulated said this is a solvable
- 09:18problem and if we can do this we've
- 09:20created a system that is of immense
- 09:22value to the industry so that's uh
- 09:25that's why we decided to tackle this
- 09:26problem fundamentally the material
- 09:29movement for warehouses and
- 09:31Manufacturing happens on pallets pallets
- 09:34in my view are the uh red blood cell of
- 09:37the global GDP everything that you see
- 09:39around you has been on a pallet you know
- 09:42the cameras are clothes or pieces of
- 09:44furniture all of that has been on a pal
- 09:47yet the pallet movement technology has
- 09:51been the same for the past 100 years
- 09:53it's a pallet it's generally the same
- 09:55size it moves uh it's made out of wood
- 09:57and it's moved with for CLI
- 09:59operated by humans it's the same thing
- 10:02and so there hasn't been an optimization
- 10:05on that for quite some time and in our
- 10:08experience when I worked with with wki
- 10:10we saw that the biggest problem
- 10:12hindering the manufacturing process was
- 10:14just trying to move material from one
- 10:17product with Factory to the other and we
- 10:19were thinking well let's improve that
- 10:21how can we build something that is super
- 10:23simple if you were to look at the need
- 10:27the basic need of moving a pallet or
- 10:29looking at 3,000 lb you're trying to
- 10:31move it from one location to the other
- 10:33for you to do that today you have to get
- 10:35a forklift a forklift has to be at least
- 10:383,000 lb just to balance out cuz it's a
- 10:40forklift heiring something in front of
- 10:42it it has to be at least another 3,000
- 10:45lb so you're moving 3,000 to 9,000 lb
- 10:48the forklift itself and then 3,000 lb
- 10:50that you want to move it just makes no
- 10:52sense we're we're moving 9,000 to move
- 10:54another 3,000 and we thought about it
- 10:56and we said okay this is such a
- 10:58unoptimized system it's nobody's
- 11:00touching it and it's kind of a given
- 11:02people that go into warehousing and
- 11:04Logistics called manufacturing and you
- 11:06see this it's uh they kind of look at it
- 11:08and they go okay this is our lot in life
- 11:10this is how things are while we saw that
- 11:12was like no something has to improve so
- 11:15we're looking at you know designing a a
- 11:17new primitive something completely new
- 11:20let's rethink the problem our Bots are 7
- 11:23pounds they can move 3,000 but they're
- 11:25700 lb so that's it and it doesn't take
- 11:27a larger footprint than the pup itself
- 11:30now when you start from there I can n
- 11:333,000 lb forward backward left and right
- 11:36up and down in full 3d with 700 lb robot
- 11:39that is a different math compeat and
- 11:42that's the approach that we're taking
- 11:43with Nitra now if you limit the
- 11:47variability of movement to the three uh
- 11:51Dimensions now I can start to solve
- 11:53things with software the boss can only
- 11:55do the three movements and they can uh
- 11:58access any part of the warehouse uh
- 12:00within a structure now I can start to do
- 12:03things with software if I want to build
- 12:05a
- 12:06conveyor I don't have to build a
- 12:08physical conveyor I can tell the Bots
- 12:09move in the direction of a conveyor or
- 12:11lift and so it makes your Warehouse
- 12:13completely software addressable which is
- 12:16a completely new approach to doing any
- 12:19of this and it applies to warehousing
- 12:21Logistics manufacturing anything that
- 12:24moves your standard pallet and that's
- 12:26why we wanted to focus on the pallet
- 12:28because that's 90% of material movement
- 12:31around the
- 12:34war kind of my take on Founder mode is
- 12:37is effectively as companies get larger
- 12:40the gist is do you still kind of
- 12:42maintain your level of awareness and
- 12:45involvement in the details of your
- 12:46company right very large company mode or
- 12:49manager mode it's like I fully rely on
- 12:51my team to do almost everything and I I
- 12:53have this little function maybe I'm just
- 12:55attending dinners and selling customers
- 12:57at a very high level I think you know at
- 12:59a company like Mitra you know even
- 13:01though we're 74 people Aman and I have
- 13:04no choice but to be in founder mode
- 13:06there's just too much going on there's
- 13:07too many aspects of the system you know
- 13:10every time a customer walks in we have
- 13:12one this afternoon and between the two
- 13:15of us we need to be fully versed in the
- 13:17technical stack we need to be able to
- 13:18answer questions of like why did you
- 13:20make this decision for this actuator or
- 13:23this design what other reliability
- 13:25issues how do you plan to lower the cost
- 13:28like things like that if you can't talk
- 13:30intelligently about that you're not
- 13:32going to drive confidence in these very
- 13:34sophisticated potential buyers of
- 13:36Parkers so for us like there's no choice
- 13:39but to be found or M but you know as I
- 13:41think about what I love about this job
- 13:43you know I love being in designer riew
- 13:45so I love the product and the
- 13:47engineering aspects and I know I'm onos
- 13:50too and that's that's something that you
- 13:53know as you get older as you get company
- 13:55gets more mature and larger there's
- 13:57natural pressure to say like you need to
- 13:58de from that you need to let your team
- 14:01do that and I think there's there's a
- 14:03balance that can be achieved where
- 14:05Founders are still in the
- 14:07details not making all the decisions but
- 14:11in the details enough to be aware I mean
- 14:14Tesla's a I don't know if it's a good
- 14:16example it's an example of where you
- 14:19know Elon had you know when he met with
- 14:21Tesla for his one or two days a week it
- 14:23was like 12 meetings in a day and like
- 14:25every hour some different technical team
- 14:27would come in and like walk through
- 14:29here's what's going on here's the
- 14:30challenges what should we do boss right
- 14:33and he would be making calls on like how
- 14:35electronic sourcing and then we'd be
- 14:37making calls on like wind tunnel design
- 14:40optimization they'd be making calls on
- 14:42on a whole bunch of different aspects of
- 14:43the business not suggesting that's what
- 14:46every company should do and that is not
- 14:48what we're going to be doing but I think
- 14:50it does show you that it's not like one
- 14:53or the other you can exist as a large
- 14:55company in founder mode you can exist in
- 14:58manager mode for us you know we're much
- 15:01more towards fure mode and probably will
- 15:05stay that way for as long as we to
- 15:08really understand the technical details
- 15:11which as far as I'm concerned doesn't
- 15:13end actually the advice I would give to
- 15:16people trying to create their own
- 15:17company really work in the field a
- 15:20little bit right work in the field you
- 15:22think you have an idea for some new
- 15:25service or product work in that field
- 15:27and get insight that's something I got
- 15:30out of my Stanford experience you maybe
- 15:33you have an idea of what's really
- 15:34valuable and useful as a product but the
- 15:37best approach to creating value is first
- 15:39that you get insight into what the
- 15:42problem is the reason walty and I
- 15:44started working together is we met at
- 15:46the uh the model 3 production ramp and
- 15:49we were customers of the systems that
- 15:51were there manufacturing and Logistics
- 15:54and material flow systems that were on
- 15:55the system that were in production we
- 15:58met there and we experienced Insight we
- 16:01saw what the problem really is people go
- 16:03hey add more automation add more
- 16:06technology here fine okay but the
- 16:09Insight that we got that the fundamental
- 16:11problem that needed to be solved is
- 16:14moving the material without you
- 16:16experiencing it for firsthand you miss
- 16:19it you think oh I'm going to work on
- 16:21Warehouse robotics you're going to build
- 16:23this nice you know articulated arm it's
- 16:25going to look nice and neat and great
- 16:28are you really really solving it no and
- 16:30the reason you're not solving it is
- 16:32because you lack the insight into what
- 16:34the fundamental problem is for us it was
- 16:38oh the thing that would unlock
- 16:39manufacturing is to move the material
- 16:42efficiently without stopping in a very
- 16:44reliable Safe Way You Move it in that
- 16:47way figure out a way to do it and it
- 16:49would unlock value for you in
- 16:51manufacturing without that Insight I
- 16:54think you're you would be on a long path
- 16:56so my advice would be get immersed in
- 16:59the problem Firs head and then try to
- 17:01come up with a solution I'll give you
- 17:03another very practical example today
- 17:06everybody in the company today everyone
- 17:09almost no exception has to work in the
- 17:12warehouse using our system interacting
- 17:15with the warehouse operators at our
- 17:17customer site everyone even web
- 17:20developers uh marketing everybody has to
- 17:23do it and the reason we did that is from
- 17:26my experience when I was at Tesla and
- 17:27building the software that I told you
- 17:29about it the software for the uh the
- 17:32g410 the way I built the software is I
- 17:35went to the line and I started working
- 17:36on the cars I started you know putting
- 17:39volts head and talking Fasteners and the
- 17:42hood on the model 3 and I experienced
- 17:45what the operator was experienc what
- 17:47kind of software was needed what did I
- 17:49need to finish my job pop and then I
- 17:52built that software and that software
- 17:55infected everywhere that gule that is
- 17:58the Insight that you need to get before
- 18:01you can say oh I'm going to build a new
- 18:03manufacturing software first work as a
- 18:08user of that supposed system or product
- 18:10that you're trying to create get deep
- 18:12Insight so you fundamentally understand
- 18:14what is the thing that you're trying to
- 18:16create what is the value that you're
- 18:17trying to create and then go okay I have
- 18:19enough Insight that I know so much about
- 18:22this I understand it at a basic
- 18:24fundamental level now you can come up
- 18:26with the new value creation after that I
- 18:29think that's the best advice I could
- 18:31give before somebody says I want to go
- 18:32and build Hardware there are many little
- 18:36tiny startups that have YouTube videos
- 18:38or videos that that have amazing
- 18:40wonderful devices and you go but what is
- 18:42it solving is it practical are you
- 18:44solving a problem it's because they did
- 18:47the shortcut they said I'm going to
- 18:48build something that looks cooler great
- 18:50go build it but you're not really
- 18:51solving the thing you need to go and
- 18:54immerse yourself get insight and that's
- 18:56why we have everybody here at the
- 18:58company work at the warehouse with our
- 19:01customers and so when they come and
- 19:03build a solution they build it as a
- 19:05warehouse operator they go oh I'm a
- 19:07warehouse operator who happens to know
- 19:09how to build applications how to build
- 19:11robotics you know here's how I would
- 19:12build it for me that's the best way to
- 19:15build
- 19:18products I mean if you look across the
- 19:20tech Spectrum most companies and you
- 19:23know Andre's famous quote heart software
- 19:25will basically eat the world is very
- 19:27true I think you know when you look at
- 19:29the economy you realize that 85% of the
- 19:33economy or GDP is driven by physical
- 19:36Industries physical problems 90% of the
- 19:39value in the tech economy has been
- 19:41created by mostos software there's a
- 19:43huge discrepancy so when we look at the
- 19:46problems yet to be solved that haven't
- 19:48really been touched by software they all
- 19:50involve some sort of actuation or
- 19:53manipulation of the physical world iot
- 19:56Internet of Things has been around for
- 19:58few decades and that starts to solve
- 20:01some of the problems around Hardware it
- 20:03gives you signal back from the physical
- 20:06environment into some sort of brain or
- 20:08software but ultimately the actuation of
- 20:11that requires people or something else
- 20:13but when you think of Robotics as
- 20:15applied to the physical world that
- 20:17closes the loop like I can build an
- 20:19actuator a thing to move a physical item
- 20:22up down left right that's hardware and
- 20:25the combination of that actuation Clos
- 20:27in the loop along with the software
- 20:29capabilities that can be applied to it
- 20:31there's a ton of potential there right
- 20:33this is the next Frontier the next
- 20:35several decades you know you look around
- 20:37you and you see look at all the
- 20:39inefficiencies in the world you look at
- 20:41how the trash is picked up you look at
- 20:42how houses and buildings are constructed
- 20:44you look at how telephone cable is laid
- 20:46you look at how physical Goods must be
- 20:50you know manufactured and there's a lot
- 20:52of opportunity for for software applied
- 20:56to the physical world and that's why all
- 20:58of of us here at mitro we're super
- 21:00passionate about software fly to the
- 21:01physical world and that comes in the
- 21:03form of Robotics and that is a that is a
- 21:06hardware hardware company the second
- 21:08reason why Hardware is is perhaps more
- 21:10exciting today than it might have been a
- 21:12few decades ago you know when you think
- 21:14of Hardware you think of silicon like
- 21:16making silicon ships that was really you
- 21:18know most of the hardware opportunity
- 21:20but companies like Tesla and SpaceX have
- 21:23come along and they said look these are
- 21:25Legacy Industries the script has been WR
- 21:28for how to build Automotive vehicles and
- 21:30what margins for for decades and Tesla's
- 21:33coming and saying we're going to do it
- 21:35differently everyone told you know Elon
- 21:38and Company they're crazy for doing this
- 21:40there's very low probability for Success
- 21:42there's lots and lots of ways that this
- 21:43go poorly for them but built an
- 21:45architecture that's significantly
- 21:47simpler 10x simpler or more than the
- 21:50existing products right there's bar your
- 21:52parts and shown that you can disrupt
- 21:55some of these industries it's hard
- 21:58Hardware's hard but if done successfully
- 22:01and done correctly there's huge
- 22:02opportunity to make meaningful advances
- 22:05in building you know electric
- 22:07vehicles is for some people it's much
- 22:10more rewarding than you know optimizing
- 22:12some age on a on a website or or
- 22:15increasing ad spend by 5% or something
- 22:18like that so there's been a bit of a
- 22:20blueprint in a Playbook that says you
- 22:23can disrupt very large Industries
- 22:25through Hardware uh through some of the
- 22:27more modern successes like you know
- 22:29Tesla WD rivan SpaceX andal couple balls
- 22:33like that